Table 1 Descriptive statistics and correlations for math anxiety and self-efficacy, approaches to learning, and age

Total sample (N = 231)

1. Math anxiety

11.06

3.77

5

20

1

2. Math self-efficacy

8.17

1.98

3

12

−0.769***

1

3. SAL

19.00

4.53

9

33

0.251***

−0.210*

1

4. DAL

27.51

4.06

12

36

−0.115

0.085

−0.318***

1

5. Age

21.39

5.12

17

51

0.128

−0.202*

−0.113

0.167

STEM sample (N = 147)

1. Math anxiety

10.73

3.64

5

20

1

2. Math self-efficacy

8.39

1.92

3

12

−0.759***

1

3. SAL

19.03

4.50

10

31

0.317***

−0.233*

1

4. DAL

27.17

4.23

12

36

−0.215

0.160

−0.351***

1

5. Age

20.55

4.51

17

45

0.125

−0.206

−0.025

0.083

Social sciences sample (N = 84)

1. Math anxiety

11.64

3.94

5

20

1

2. Math self-efficacy

7.77

2.03

3

12

−0.802***

1

3. SAL

18.93

4.60

9

33

0.148

−0.182

1

4. DAL

28.11

3.68

20

36

0.031

−0.005

−0.246

1

5. Age

22.87

5.78

19

51

−0.059

0.059

−0.319*

0.208