Table 4 Descriptive statistics and comparison between the 3D Pen and DGE groups (by sub-categories)
Sub-category | Descriptive statisticsa | Comparisons between the 3D pen and DGE groupsb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
3D Pen group | DGE group | |||
Score mean (SD) | Score mean (SD) | |||
Simple | SF score (item N = 5) | |||
T0 | .61 (.37) | .81 (.28) | t(162) = − 3.719, p = .000 < .01 | |
T1 | .85 (.24) | .85 (.27) | F(1, 162) = 2.123; p = .147 > .05; partial η2 = .013 | |
T2 | .86 (.23) | .87 (.24) | F(1, 156) = 3.007; p = .085 > .05; partial η2 = .019 | |
SE score (item N = 5) | ||||
T0 | .46 (.40) | .33 (.41) | t(162) = 1.987, p = .049 < .05 | |
T1 | .80 (.26) | .84 (.25) | F(1, 162) = 1.458; p = .229 > .05; partial η2 = .009 | |
T2 | .81 (.27) | .85 (.26) | F(1, 156) = 3.217; p = .075 > .05; partial η2 = .020 | |
SV score (item N = 5) | ||||
T0 | .38 (.41) | .34 (.38) | t(162) = .633, p = .528 > .05 | |
T1 | .79 (.28) | .85 (.26) | F(1, 162) = 1.817; p = .180 > .05; partial η2 = .011 | |
T2 | .82 (.30) | .85 (.24) | F(1, 156) = .812; p = .369 > .05; partial η2 = .005 | |
Advanced | AF score (item N = 4) | |||
T0 | .51 (.49) | .68 (.43) | t(162) = − 2.338, p = .021 < .05 | |
T1 | .79 (.38) | .88 (.25) | F(1, 162) = .546; p = .461 > .05; partial η2 = .003 | |
T2 | .80 (.36) | .88 (.28) | F(1, 156) = .030; p = .863 > .05; partial η2 = .000 | |
AV score (item N = 4) | ||||
T0 | .36 (.41) | .37 (.36) | t(162) = − .028, p = .978 > .05 | |
T1 | .75 (.38) | .88 (.26) | F(1, 162) = 9.599; p = .011 < .05; partial η2 = .040 | |
T2 | .76 (.37) | .83 (.30) | F(1, 156) = 1.156; p = .284 > .05; partial η2 = .007 | |
AE score (item N = 4) | ||||
T0 | .36 (.44) | .19 (.37) | t(162) = 2.555, p = .012 < .05 | |
T1 | .70 (.43) | .78 (.36) | F(1,162) = 3.374; p = .068 > .05; partial η2 = .021 | |
T2 | .72 (.40) | .79 (.36) | F(1,156) = 1.483; p = .225 > .05; partial η2 = .010 | |