International Journal of STEM Education

Table 3 Results of t tests examining for gender differences across all measures

From: Examining the role of spatial skills and mathematics motivation on middle school mathematics achievement

	Males		Females
Measure	M	SD	M	SD	t
Spatial skills	8.033	3.59	7.40	3.17	3.05**
MMQ	103.85	17.51	101.66	16.51	2.09*
M-STEP	1591.11	22.79	1590.50	21.00	0.45
Science GPA	2.86	1.06	3.08	0.96	− 3.54***

M-STEP M-STEP mathematics subtest score
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001

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