Table 1 The 38 items developed in step 2, with targeted mode of ICAP

Interactive

I defend my approach to others when discussing course content.

I discuss my position with others regarding the course content.

I ask questions to understand other students’ perspectives when discussing course content.

I answer questions describing my perspective when discussing course content

I explain concepts to others when discussing course content.

I justify my perspective to others when discussing course content

I evaluate alternatives with others when discussing course content.

I do not discuss course concepts with other students.

I work with other students to understand ideas or concepts regarding course content.

Constructive

I take notes in my own words.

I add my own notes to the notes provided by the lecturer.

I draw pictures/diagrams/sketches to clarify course content.

My course notes include additional content to what the teacher provided.

I add my own content to the course notes during lecture.

I consider how multiple ideas or concepts relate.

I consider how lecture content relates to content from other courses.

I consider how lecture content relates to course assignments.

I compare and contrast lecture concepts to concepts from other courses.

I do not consider how course content relates to other courses.

Active

I take verbatim notes.

I copy solution steps verbatim.

I only copy the notes the instructor writes down.

I do not add my own notes to the course notes.

I apply current concepts being taught to previous course content.

I combine current concepts with previous course content

I apply current solution steps with previous course content.

I combine current solution steps with previous course content.

I do not apply course content to previous content.

Passive

I listen to lectures without doing anything else.

I listen to what the teacher is saying and do not do anything else

I do not think about course content during lecture.

I focus my attention on things other than course content during lecture.

I do not write notes during lecture

I do not pay attention to course content during lecture.

I think about current concepts covered in this course.

I think about previous concepts covered in the course.

I think about solution steps during the lecture.

I think about previous solution steps during the lecture.