Correlations between modes of student cognitive engagement and instructional practices in undergraduate STEM courses

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 7 Tukey results indicating the significance of pairwise comparisons

	SCCEI factor	Pairwise comparison		Mean diff	Std error	t value	p value
Classroom structure	Interactivity with Peers	Pods of desks	Rows of tables	11.08	3.25	4.82	0.05^a
		Pods of desks	Individual desks	15.91	3.05	7.37	0.00^a
		Rows of tables	Individual desks	4.83	2.32	2.94	0.75
	Constructive Notetaking	Pods of desks	Rows of tables	− 8.26	3.25	3.59	0.41
		Pods of desks	Individual desks	2.46	3.05	1.14	1.00
		Rows of tables	Individual desks	10.72	2.32	6.52	0.00^a
	Active Processing	Pods of desks	Rows of tables	5.86	3.25	2.55	0.90
		Pods of desks	Individual desks	10.82	3.05	5.02	0.03^a
		Rows of tables	Individual desks	4.96	2.32	3.02	0.71
	Active Notetaking	Pods of desks	Rows of tables	− 4.47	3.25	1.94	0.99
		Pods of desks	Individual desks	− 5.22	3.05	2.42	0.93
		Rows of tables	Individual desks	− 0.75	2.32	0.46	1.00
	Passive Processing	Pods of desks	Rows of tables	− 3.05	3.25	1.33	1.00
		Pods of desks	Individual desks	5.75	3.05	2.66	0.86
		Rows of tables	Individual desks	8.80	2.32	5.35	0.01^a