Table 1 Mean differences and results of analyses of mean differences of IJSO participants, non-participants, and participants in other science or mathematics competitions on the RIASEC+N dimensions for in-school activities, enrichment measures, and for vocational interests. Assessment of the effsize (small to large) according to Cohen (1988).

Vocational

Realistic

4.85

2

9.33

< 0.001

0.019

Small

Investigative

30.19

2

47.18

< 0.001

0.089

Medium

Artistic

8.96

2

18.41

< 0.001

0.037

Small

Social

21.59

2

33.71

< 0.001

0.066

Medium

Enterprising

20.00

2

34.30

< 0.001

0.067

Medium

Conventional

0.91

2

1.84

0.160

–

None

Networking

51.81

2

73.53

< 0.001

0.133

Large

In-school

Realistic

0.26

2

0.75

0.474

–

None

Investigative

11.57

2

27.72

< 0.001

0.053

Small to medium

Artistic

6.04

2

13.53

< 0.001

0.027

Small

Social

9.48

2

18.49

< 0.001

0.036

Small

Enterprising

10.66

2

21.77

< 0.001

0.043

Small

Conventional

0.12

2

0.30

0.740

–

None

Networking

32.14

2

58.40

< 0.001

0.107

Medium to large

Enrichment

Realistic

16.37

2

33.98

< 0.001

0.066

Medium

Investigative

41.99

2

72.87

< 0.001

0.132

Large

Artistic

18.30

2

39.58

< 0.001

0.076

Medium

Social

25.44

2

42.69

< 0.001

0.082

Medium

Enterprising

21.35

2

41.83

< 0.001

0.081

Medium

Conventional

3.73

2

8.36

< 0.001

0.017

Small

Networking

63.13

2

99.57

< 0.001

0.172

Large