Table 1 Aspects of capacity building regarding STEM generated from qualitative responses
Capacity building on STEM teaching and learning in primary schools | ||
|---|---|---|
Beliefs about STEM | Positions of understanding STEM | Intentions of teaching STEM |
1. Resources (BQ1) | 1. Confidence and competence to teach STEM (UQ1) | 1. Teach S, T, E, and M in the curriculum (ITQ1) |
2. Leadership and support (BQ2) | 2. Confident with mathematics not with science and technology to teach STEM (UQ2) | 2. Confident teachers in dealing with STEM (ITQ2) |
3. Experienced teachers, teacher knowledge, and ability to integrate (BQ3) | 3. Underprepared and lack of knowledge to teach STEM (UQ3) | 3. Student participation and activity-oriented teaching and learning (ITQ3) |
4. Team of teachers dealing STEM (BQ4) | 4. Not confident with science to teach STEM (UQ4) | 4. Creativity, innovation, and interdisciplinary focus in teaching and learning STEM (ITQ4) |
5. Student-centred learning activities (BQ5) | 5. Not at all confident to teach STEM (UQ5) | 5. STEM should be a specialised and compulsory subject (ITQ5) |