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International Journal of STEM Education

Table 2 Dependent variables

From: The effects of different versions of a gateway STEM course on student attitudes and beliefs

Variable

Data type/source

Pre-survey

Post-survey

Beliefs

6-option Likert scale

4-option Likert scale

X

X

Attitudes

6-option Likert scale

4-option Likert scale

X

X

Confidencea

6-option Likert scale

X

X

Enjoymentb

6-option Likert scale

X

X

Desire to continue studying mathematicsc

4-option Likert scale

X

X

  1. a“I am confident in my mathematical abilities”
  2. b“I enjoy doing mathematics”
  3. c“If I had choice, I would never take another mathematics course/I would continue to take mathematics”
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