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Table 6 Hierarchical linear growth model of makerspace interest

From: Motivational factors in makerspaces: a mixed methods study of elementary school students’ situational interest, self-efficacy, and achievement emotions

 

Unconditional model

Controls-only model

Full model

Time1–2

− 0.37*** (0.08)

− 0.35*** (0.08)

− 0.32*** (0.08)

Self-efficacy1,2

0.29*** (0.06)

Self-efficacy0

− 0.07 (0.05)

Excited

0.46*** (0.06)

Curious

0.05 (0.05)

Frustrated

− 0.19*** (0.06)

Confused

0.08 (0.06)

Class level (lower-level class = 0)

− 0.93*** (0.16)

− 0.36*** (0.10)

Gender (male = 0)

0.05 (0.16)

− 0.03 (0.10)

Intercept

0.67*** (0.16)

0.92*** (0.27)

0.36* (0.15)

  1. Unstandardized regression coefficient (standard error)
  2. Notes: subscripts refers to data collection rounds; 0 = beginning of semester, 1 = mid-semester, 2 = end of semester. Standardized scores were used for interest, self-efficacy, and achievement emotion scores
  3. * p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001