Table 5 HGLMs comparing student participation on the CBT and PPT pretest and posttests

CBT pre π₁

 For intercept 2 β₁₀

  For intercept 3 γ₁₀₀

0.679

< 0.001

0.256

0.434

− 0.671

0.081

Practices γ₁₀₁

–

–

0.214

0.116

0.182

0.097

 Gender γ₁₁₀

–

–

–

–

0.269

0.086

 D grade γ₁₂₀

–

–

–

–

0.142

0.699

 C grade γ₁₃₀

–

–

–

–

0.558

0.077

 B grade γ₁₄₀

–

–

–

–

1.102

0.002

 A grade γ₁₅₀

–

–

–

–

1.526

< 0.001

CBT post π₂

 For intercept 2 β₂₀

  For intercept 3 γ₂₀₀

0.296

0.118

−0.767

0.008

− 2.678

< 0.001

  Practices γ₂₀₁

–

–

0.534

< 0.001

0.573

< 0.001

 Gender γ₂₁₀

–

–

–

–

0.207

0.281

 D grade γ₂₂₀

–

–

–

–

0.946

0.013

 C grade γ₂₃₀

–

–

–

–

1.395

< 0.001

 B grade γ₂₄₀

–

–

–

–

2.057

< 0.001

 A grade γ₂₅₀

–

–

–

–

2.390

< 0.001

PPT pre π₃

 For intercept 2 β₃₀

  For intercept 3 γ₃₀₀

2.290

< 0.001

2.266

< 0.001

1.361

< 0.001

 Gender γ₃₁₀

–

–

–

–

0.130

0.619

 D grade γ₃₂₀

–

–

–

–

0.496

0.281

 C grade γ₃₃₀

–

–

–

–

0.675

0.062

 B grade γ₃₄₀

–

–

–

–

0.835

0.042

 A grade γ₃₅₀

–

–

–

–

0.909

0.049

PPT post π₄

 For intercept 2 β₄₀

  For intercept 3 γ₄₀₀

1.235

< 0.001

1.235

< 0.001

−0.706

0.047

 Gender γ₄₁₀

–

–

–

–

0.224

0.180

 D grade γ₄₂₀

–

–

–

–

1.522

0.001

 C grade γ₄₃₀

–

–

–

–

1.514

< 0.001

 B grade γ₄₄₀

–

–

–

–

2.166

< 0.001

 A grade γ₄₅₀

–

–

–

–

2.493

< 0.001

Level 1 and level 2 variance

 CBT pre r₁

1.080

1.080

0.805

 CBT post r₂

1.170

1.390

1.077

 PPT pre r₃

1.130

1.440

1.156

 PPT post r₄

1.100

1.200

0.889

Level 3 variance

 CBT pre u₁₀

0.820

0.700

0.740

 CBT post u₂₀

1.220

0.670

0.830

 PPT pre u₃₀

0.560

0.485

0.690

 PPT post u₄₀

1.340

1.370

1.180