Table 1 Participation and GPA for students in previous studies
From: Participation and performance on paper- and computer-based low-stakes assessments
Source | Gender | Participant grades | Non-participant grades | Participant | Δ grade | Odds | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Mean | N | SD | Mean | N | SD | Rate | Â | F/M |
M | 2.69 | 90 | 1.28 | 2.1 | 92 | 1.28 | 0.49 | 0.59 | 1.37 | |
| Â | F | 2.78 | 27 | 1.26 | 2.05 | 13 | 1.16 | 0.68 | 0.73 | Â |
Kost et al. 2010 | M | 2.85 | 1257 | 0.8 | 1.93 | 500 | 1.1 | 0.72 | 0.92 | 1.11 |
| Â | F | 2.8 | 447 | 0.8 | 1.96 | 114 | 1.2 | 0.80 | 0.84 | Â |
Kost et al. 2009 | M | 2.82 | 1563 | 0.8 | 2.14 | 1152 | 1.2 | 0.58 | 0.68 | 1.09 |
| Â | F | 2.74 | 533 | 0.8 | 1.89 | 315 | 1.1 | 0.63 | 0.85 | Â |
Cahill et al. 2014 | All | – | 366 | – | – | 314 | – | 0.54 | – | – |
|  | All | – | 773 | – | – | 448 | – | 0.63 | – | – |
|  | All | – | 360 | – | – | 219 | – | 0.62 | – | – |
|  | All | – | 738 | – | – | 384 | – | 0.66 | – | – |
Brewe et al. 2010 | All | – | 258 | – | – | 65 | – | 0.80 | – | – |
|  | All | – | 758 | – | – | 1743 | – | 0.30 | – | – |