International Journal of STEM Education

Table 6 Medians and effect sizes of help-seeking-behavior measures by condition for both samples

From: Contextual factors affecting hint utility

Dependent variables	Summer sample (N=390)			Academic year sample (N=289)
	HE	NHE	Cliff’s d	HE	NHE	Cliff’s d
First three problems only	N = 201	N = 189		N = 141	N = 148
Total regular-hint count	0.00 ^∗∗	0.00 ^∗∗	.48	0.00 ^∗∗	0.00 ^∗∗	.37
Total bottom-out-hint count	0.00	0.00	.13	0.00 ^∗∗	10.00 ^∗∗	.27
Problems with hints	0.00	0.00	.03	0.00 ^∗∗	10.00 ^∗∗	.19
Remaining problems only	N = 128	N = 123		N = 80	N = 91
Total regular-hint count	0.00	0.00	.38	0.00	0.00	.49
Total bottom-out-hint count	0.00	0.00	.37	0.00	0.00	.42
Problems with hints	0.00	0.00	.39	0.00 ^†	0.00 ^†	.13

Note: Fewer students answered remaining problems due to Skill Builder completion or attrition; HE - hints early condition; NHE - no-hints-early condition; ^†p<0.1, ^∗p<.05, ^∗∗p<.01

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