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Table 5 Medians and effect sizes of performance- and temporal-based dependent variables by condition for both samples

From: Contextual factors affecting hint utility

Dependent variables

Summer sample (N=390)

Academic year sample (N=289)

 

HE (N=201)

NHE (N=189)

Cliff’s d

HE (N=141)

NHE (N=148)

Cliff’s d

Mastery speed

8.00

9.00

.04

8.00

8.00

.04

Percent correct

0.64

0.60

.01

0.67 ∗∗

0.59 ∗∗

.14

Total answer-attempts

14.00

15.00

.00

14.00

15.00

.06

Total regular-hint count

0.00 ∗∗

0.00 ∗∗

.27

0.00 ∗

0.00 ∗

.11

Total bottom-out-hint count

0.00 †

0.00 †

.10

0.00 ∗∗

1.00 ∗∗

.24

Problems with hints

0.00

0.00

.03

0.00 ∗∗

1.00 ∗∗

.18

Completion time

44.90 ∗

20.77 ∗

.01

21.12

17.88

.19

Total time-on-problem

24.12

18.80

.08

14.73

13.05

.04

Total time-between-problems

0.27

0.27

.07

0.27

0.23

.01

Winsorized total time-on-problem

16.32

15.40

.00

11.64

11.86

.00

  1. Note: Value ranges differ across variables; HE hints early condition; NHE no-hints-early condition; †p < 0.1, ∗p <.05, ∗∗<.01