Strategies to mitigate student resistance to active learning

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 1 Course demographics

Pseudonym	Instructor gender	Instructor rank	Course discipline¹	No. of students	Institution type	Carnegie classification²
Betsy	F	Sr. lecturer	CBME	97	Private	M1
Esther	F	Assoc. prof.	CIVIL	51	Public	R2
Emily	F	Asst. prof.	CBME	131	Public	R1
Megan	F	Asst. prof.	CBME	79	Public	R2
Michelle	F	Asst. prof.	INTRO	123	Private	M1
Patricia	F	Assoc. prof.	IDISC	74	Private	R2
Samantha	F	Asst. prof.	INTRO	28	Public	BACC
Tracey	F	Assoc. prof.	CBME	41	Public	R1
Benjamin	M	Asst. prof.	INTRO	286	Public	M1
Chris	M	Assoc. prof.	MAT	28	Public	BACC
Daniel	M	Full prof.	CBME	119	Public	R1
David	M	Full prof.	ME	45	Public	M1
George	M	Asst. prof.	INTRO	35	Public	R1
Justin	M	Assoc. prof.	ME	36	Public	M1
Matthew	M	Adjunct prof.	EECS	226	Public	R1
Peter	M	Asst. prof.	INTRO	51	Public	R1
Timothy	M	Asst. prof.	EECS	11	Private	M3
William	M	Assoc. prof.	INTRO	140	Private	R2

¹Course disciplines: CBME Chemical/Biomedical Engineering, CIVIL Civil and Environmental Engineering, DESIGN Design, EECS Electrical Engineering/Computer Science, IDISC Interdisciplinary, INTRO Introduction to Engineering, MAT Materials Science and Engineering, ME Mechanical Engineering
²Carnegie classifications: R1 Doctoral Universities: Highest Research Activity, R2 Doctoral Universities: Higher Research Activity; M1 Master’s Colleges and Universities: Larger Programs, M3 Master’s Colleges and Universities: Smaller Programs, BACC Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus combined with Baccalaureate Colleges: Diverse Fields