A structural equation model looking at student’s participatory behavior and their success in Calculus I

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 2 Cross-validation results

Model	χ ²	df	RMSEA	Δχ²	Δdf	p
Unconstrained model	661.79	184	0.062
Measurement model constrained (LX/LY)	668.17	192	0.06	6.38	8	.5 < p < .75
Structural paths constrained (GA/BE)	681.28	202	0.059	19.49	18	.25 < p < .5
Factor correlations constrained (PH)	695.8	206	0.059	34.01	22	.01 < p < .05