Table 7 Comparative behavior change patterns (at risk vs no/low risk), n = 167
Pre-intervention to 12 months post-intervention behavior change | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 behavior category = risk | T0 behavior category = no/low risk | |||||||||
Food item | Self-reported consumption pattern defined as indicating risk | n | % Negative change towards greater risk | % No change | % Positive change towards no/low-risk category | % Positive change into the no/low-risk category | n | % Retains position in no/low-risk category | % Negative change into at risk category | Odds ratio T0-risk/T0-no/low-risk T0–T4 change towards opposite category |
Potato chips (crisps) | > once/week | 69 | 5.8 | 52.2 | 7.2 | 34.8 | 94 | 80.9 | 19.1 | 3.1 (95% CI 1.2 to 6.2), χ2(1) = 10.15, p < .001* |
Fried food (e.g., hot chips, fried chicken, burgers) | ≥ once per week | 93 | 9.7 | 53.8 | 17.2 | 19.4 | 66 | 66.7 | 33.3 | 1.2 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.2), χ2(1) = 0.18, p = .671 |
Soft drinks (fizzy, cordials, sports drinks) | ≥ 2–4 times per week | 41 | 7.3 | 48.8 | 4.9 | 39.0 | 123 | 87.8 | 12.2 | 5.6 (95% CI 2.5 to 12.8), χ2(1) = 19.23, p < .001* |
Sweet snacks (e.g., biscuit, muesli bar, sweet (candy)) | > 2–4 times per week | 28 | N/A | 50.0 | N/A | 50.0 | 131 | 82.4 | 17.6 | 4.696 (95% CI 1.974 to 11.173), χ2(1) = 13.60, p < .001* |
Green vegetables (e.g., spinach, beans, lettuce) | < Daily | 58 | 10.3 | 50.0 | 5.2 | 34.5 | 101 | 84.2 | 15.8 | 3.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 7.4), χ2(1) = 11.29, p = .001* |
Starchy vegetables (e.g., sweet potato, potato, pumpkin) | ≤ once per week | 26 | 3.8 | 23.1 | 7.7 | 65.4 | 133 | 91.0 | 9.0 | 27.3 (95% CI 9.6 to 78.2), χ2(1) = 56.85, p < .001* |
Fruit (e.g., apples, pears, bananas) | < Daily | 57 | 14.0 | 40.4 | 17.5 | 28.1 | 109 | 84.9 | 15.1 | 5.7 (95% CI 2.7 to 12.0), χ2(1) = 56.85, p < .001* |
Raw fruits and vegetables | < Daily | 88 | 19.3 | 28.4 | 29.5 | 22.7 | 74 | 73.0 | 27.0 | 3.0 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.7), χ2(1) = 10.61, p = .001* |