Skip to main content
International Journal of STEM Education

Table 6 Change in self-reported diet behaviors indicated by individually matched pre- and post-intervention responses, n = 167*

From: Adolescents as agents of healthful change through scientific literacy development: A school-university partnership program in New Zealand

Food item

Self-reported consumption pattern defined as indicating risk

T0 responses in at risk category

T0–T2–T4

Pre- to 12 weeks post-intervention (T0–T2)

Pre- to 12 months post-intervention (T0–T4)

Oddsmale/Oddsfemale

T0 to T4 positive change

  

n

%

Oddsmale/oddsfemale

Being in the at risk category at T0

χ2(2)

p

Positive change (%)

Negative change (%)

p′

Positive change (%)

Negative change (%)

p′

 

Potato chips (crisps)

> once per week

69

42.3

1.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.5), χ2(1) = 0.878, p = .349

30.516

< .001*

39.1

1.5

< .001*

42.9

5.7

< .001*

0.6 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.5), χ2(1) = 1.142, p = .285

Fried food (e.g., hot chips, fried chicken, burgers)

≥ once per week

93

58.5

1.3 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.4), χ2(1) = 0.606, p = .436

17.857

< .001*

43.0

16.1

< .001*

36.6

9.7

< .001*

0.8 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.9), χ2(1) = 0.171, p = .679

Soft drinks (fizzy, cordials, sports drinks)

≥ 2–4 times per week

41

24.5

2.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 4.3), χ2(1) = 4.129, p = .042*

13.904

< .001*

36.6

7.3

< .01*

43.9

7.3

< .01*

1.5 (95% CI 0.4 to 4.8), χ2(1) = 0.384, p = .535

Sweet snacks (e.g., biscuit, muesli bar, sweet (candy))

> 2-4 times per week

28

17.8

1.0 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.1), χ2(1) = 0.009, p = .925

18.764

< .001*

42.9

N/A

.001

50.0

N/A

< .001*

1.2 (95% CI 0.6 TO 2.4), χ2(1) = 0270, p = .604

Green vegetables (e.g., spinach, beans, lettuce)

< Daily

58

36.5

1.2 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.3), χ2(1) = 0.336, p = .540

20.520

< .001*

46.6

5.2

< .001*

39.7

10.3

< .01*

1.2 (95% CI 0.4 to 3.3), χ2(1) = .137, p = .711

Starchy vegetables (e.g., sweet potato, potato, pumpkin)

≤ once per week

26

16.4

1.5 (95% CI 0.6 to 3.5), χ2(1) = 0.874 6, p = .350

26.275

< .001*

73.1

0.0

< .001*

73.1

3.8

< .001*

2.9 (95% CI 0.4 to 18.9), χ2(1) = 1.271 p = .260

Fruit (e.g., apples, pears, bananas)

< Daily

57

35.0

1.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), χ2(1) = 3.545 6, p = .060

16.528

< .001*

38.6

5.3

< .001*

45.6

14.0

< .01*

3.0 (95% CI 1.0 to 8.3), χ2(1) = 4.255 p = .039*

Raw fruits and vegetables

< Daily

88

54.3

1.1 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.1), χ2(1) = 0.159 6, p = .690

23.452

< .001*

48.9

11.4

< .001*

52.3

19.3

.002*

0.8 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.8), χ2(1) = 0.230 p = .632

  1. The Friedman test was used to measure variance in distribution at T0, T2, and T4. Post hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test or related-samples sign test
  2. T0 pre-intervention, T2 6–12 weeks post-intervention, T4 12 months post-intervention, n number, p*significant (α = 0.05). p' adjusted significance values and include Bonferroni-Holm’s correction for multiple comparisons (Aickin, M. and Gensler, H. 1996)
  3. *An administrative error in data collection at one site reduced the number of valid responses to food frequency questions at T0. Hence, n = 167 rather than 201
Back to article page