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Table 4 Skewness and kurtosis of behavior and affect distributions for study 3

From: Incorporating effective e-learning principles to improve student engagement in middle-school mathematics

  

Genie 3

Traditional classroom

  

Skewness

Kurtosis

Skewness

Kurtosis

(SE = 0.16)

(SE = 0.32)

(SE = 0.16)

(SE = 0.32)

Behavior

On Task—Independent

−1.67

2.71

−0.45

0.10

On Task—Conversation

2.30

4.34

1.89

3.79

On Task—Proactive Remediation

2.90

9.87

15.07

227.00

Off Task

3.15

11.81

0.70

0.62

Affect

Engaged Concentration

−0.97

0.22

−0.72

−0.21

Boredom

1.15

0.82

0.78

0.03

Confusion

5.32

32.85

1.97

3.62

Frustration

9.56

97.66

–

–

Delight

–

–

6.29

41.13

  1. Acceptable ratios of skewness and kurtosis to SE are within ±2.58. Measures in italics are within the acceptable range