Table 3 Responses: summary, ‘best guess,’ and confidence ( n  = 101) (summarised from English and Watson, 2013 )

Mode/frequency

I believe J's armspan is between 150 cm to 155 cm. I am quite confident about this because most people chose those measurements.

141, 141 is the most common of this table.

Variation in relation to accuracy

The measurements were not very accurate because most of the measurements were different.

Average/central tendency

I think the value 154 cm is the most accurate value, for it is the average close to the middle values.

Visual approximation

I think the most accurate was M's with 1 m 50 cm because A's arms look about 1 m 50 cm. I am pretty confident it was M's.

Outlier

The real value was 140 and the fake one was 146 … because the number can't go up to 146.

Accuracy of tools

I think the best guess is 154 cm because the measuring tape was very straight.

Position of student

I thought the measurement are 50% accurate… Sometimes A's hand was down and up.

Nebulous statement

No, I don't think the measurement was that accurate. Around 134 cm. Confident.