Table 4 Definitions of the considered elements

M

The student indicates that calculations must be carried or used

The student performs a calculation

The student gives a mathematical relationship between two quantities

The student uses formulas

S

The student interprets or refers to a graph or table using the data

The student uses a statistical term (e.g., mean, variation, SD, residual, etc.)

The student mentions a methodological aspect (e.g., representativeness, keeping certain conditions constant, etc.)

P

The student mentions a sport physiological advice

The student refers to an authentic practice such as measuring fitness or the determination of the threshold point

N

The student mentions a quantity from natural science (e.g., weight, age)

The student performs a connection between two scientific properties (e.g., heart rate and intensity of training)