Table 6 Comparison of STB, STK, STP, and STC based on teachers’ teaching grade, seniority, and the experience STEM training and teaching (n = 216)

Primary school (mean ± SD), n = 146

Secondary school (mean ± SD), n = 70

t

p

< 10 years (mean ± SD), n = 111

≥ 10 years (mean ± SD), n = 105

t

p

STB

4.47 ± 0.74

3.51 ± 0.82

2.07

0.04^*

4.43 ± 0.70

4.36 ± 0.82

0.73

0.47

STK

3.51 ± 0.82

2.98 ± 1.03

3.76

0.00^***

3.10 ± 0.94

3.58 ± 0.84

− 3.89

0.00^***

STP

4.27 ± 0.55

3.96 ± 0.62

3.75

0.00^***

4.20 ± 0.56

4.14 ± 0.62

0.72

0.48

STC

3.63 ± 0.83

3.67 ± 0.82

− 0.34

0.73

3.77 ± 0.82

3.51 ± 0.81

2.27

0.03^*

often

(Mean ± SD),

n = 104

rarely

(Mean ± SD),

n = 112

t

p

more

(Mean ± SD),

n = 74

less

(Mean ± SD),

n = 142

t

p

STB

4.49 ± 0.78

4.31 ± 0.73

1.68

0.09

4.53 ± 0.66

4.33 ± 0.80

1.89

0.06

STK

3.65 ± 0.73

3.04 ± 0.99

5.12

0.00^***

3.86 ± 0.68

3.06 ± 0.92

7.30

0.00^***

STP

4.17 ± 0.61

4.17 ± 0.57

-0.04

0.97

4.21 ± 0.66

4.15 ± 0.56

0.66

0.51

STC

3.43 ± 0.78

3.84 ± 0.82

-3.82

0.00^***

3.27 ± 0.78

3.84 ± 0.78

-5.13

0.00^***