From: A comparative analysis of the relationship between learning styles and mathematics performance
Parameter | Hong Kong | Japan | Korea | USA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Fixed effects | |||||||
Intercept | 551.28 | (3.67) | 533.69 | (3.30) | 538.82 | (3.25) | 482.23 | (4.49) |
Level 1 (student level) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Cooperative learning | 11.85* | (2.03) | 6.36* | (2.74) | 24.30* | (2.29) | −4.22 | (2.54) |
 Male | 17.83* | (3.49) | 17.80* | (5.98) | 19.18* | (5.99) | 7.05 | (6.01) |
 Age | 21.35* | (6.00) | 19.73* | (6.67) | 13.64* | (7.91) | 11.54 | (8.73) |
 Father SES | 0.39* | (0.13) | −0.07 | (0.12) | 0.27 | (0.22) | 0.67* | (0.15) |
 Mother SES | −0.11 | (0.15) | −0.06 | (0.17) | 0.11 | (0.21) | 0.80* | (0.19) |
Level 2 (school level) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Student-teacher ratio | 0.55* | (0.16) | 0.02 | (0.07) | −0.27* | (0.06) | 0.17 | (0.11) |
 School mean father SES | 3.67* | (1.13) | 6.05* | (0.80) | 2.24* | (0.99) | 0.88 | (0.77) |
 School mean mother SES | 0.67 | (1.05) | 2.74* | (0.86) | 1.88 | (1.03) | 2.80* | (1.30) |
 Proportion of certified teachers | 0.15 | (0.18) | −0.94* | (0.22) | 7.78* | (2.79) | 0.60* | (0.28) |
 School educational resources | 0.11 | (4.29) | −3.55 | (2.89) | −5.61 | (5.39) | 1.85 | (5.46) |
 School disciplinary climate | 87.88* | (13.19) | 36.99* | (8.82) | 47.91* | (12.42) | 15.94 | (11.42) |
 Teacher-student relationship | −19.32 | (11.46) | −0.65 | (8.18) | −23.06 | (12.64) | −21.93 | (15.25) |
 Student behaviors | 9.56 | (4.95) | 22.66* | (5.42) | 7.61* | (3.33) | 4.31 | (7.51) |
 Teacher behaviors | −8.68 | (6.22) | −4.78 | (5.25) | −0.47 | (4.37) | 1.79 | (6.35) |
 School autonomy | −13.79* | (5.26) | −19.96* | (4.49) | −15.07* | (6.03) | 15.26* | (5.96) |
 Teacher participation | 2.54 | (3.86) | −2.12 | (3.04) | −3.85 | (2.98) | −1.74 | (3.91) |
 Ability grouping (some classes) | 13.59 | (12.85) | 11.75 | (9.46) | 0.37 | (9.58) | 18.44 | (18.96) |
 Ability grouping (all classes) | −1.66 | (15.52) | −10.13 | (9.01) | 0.96 | (11.26) | 23.85 | (19.23) |
 | Random parameters | |||||||
Level 2 (school level) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Intercept/intercept (τ) | 1302.70* | (189.30) | 657.53* | (120.66) | 535.32* | (113.82) | 531.74* | (101.92) |
Level 1 (student level) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Intercept/intercept (σ2) | 4789.67* | (133.17) | 4738.99* | (136.07) | 4639.39* | (171.76) | 5333.14* | (214.30) |